HP 11i Bedienungsanleitung

HP-UX Routing Services Administrator’sGuideHP-UX 11i v2Edition 1Manufacturing Part Number: B2355-90777August 2003U.S.A.© Copyright 2003 Hewlett-Packa

10Publishing HistoryTable 2 provides, for a particular document, the manufacturing partnumber, the respective operating systems, and the publication d

Configuring gatedStarting gatedChapter 3100For more information about the command-line options, type man 1Mgated at the HP-UX prompt.Verifying That gat

Configuring gatedTroubleshooting gatedChapter 3 101Troubleshooting gatedThis section describes the following techniques for troubleshooting gatedand so

Configuring gatedTroubleshooting gatedChapter 3102NOTE In gated 3.5.9, the two statements in the Trace class (tracefile andtraceoptions) are combined i

Configuring gatedTroubleshooting gatedChapter 3 103gdc determines the state of gated and produces a reliable exit statusduring errors, which is useful

Configuring gatedTroubleshooting gatedChapter 3104Common ProblemsThis section discusses the common problems experienced during gatedoperation.Problem 1

Configuring gatedTroubleshooting gatedChapter 3 105Interface Configuration Without strictintfs Option Specified Thefollowing configuration references a no

Configuring gatedTroubleshooting gatedChapter 3106lan2 Index 3 Address 802.2 8:0:9:3d:2c:b1 Change: <>State: <>Refcount: 2 Up-down transiti

Configuring gatedTroubleshooting gatedChapter 3 107Normally, gated deletes the route configured in the/etc/rc.config.d/netconf file. To solve this proble

Configuring gatedTroubleshooting gatedChapter 3108You may have to repeat this process several times to track down theoriginal source of the route. If y

109IndexAall hosts group, 19area border router, 61configuration example, 75area statementin /etc/gated.conf file, 65areas, OSPF, 63example configuration,

11Related DocumentationFor more information about the Internet Services suite of products, seethe following books:• HP-UX Internet Services Administra

Index110priority statement, 68query authentication clause, 52retain clause, 90retransmitinterval statement, 68, 72rip statement, 50ripin clause, 52rip

Index111IP type of service routing feature, 24Kkernel routing table, 22, 100Llink state advertisement, 62Mmanagement information baseSee MIBmetricin c

Index112password authenticationin OSPF, 78configuration example, 78phyint commandin mrouted, 32point-to-point network interface, 68, 72configuration exa

Index113TOSrouting feature, 24traceoptions statementin /etc/gated.conf file, 53tracinggated, 92, 99, 101transmitdelay statementin /etc/gated.conf file,

12Many sections of this manual refer to RFCs for more informationabout certain networking topics. These documents publicize Internetstandards, new res

13a hot link to the manpage itself. From the HP-UXcommand line, you can enter “man audit” or “man 5audit” to view the manpage. See man (1).Book Title

14• The version of HP-UX that you are using.

Chapter 1 151 OverviewA router is a device that has multiple network interfaces and thattransfers Internet Protocol (IP) packets from one network or s

OverviewChapter 116manual. The router stores all the routing information in the form of arouting table. Routing tables contain the routes to reach a p

OverviewThe mrouted Routing DaemonChapter 1 17The mrouted Routing Daemonmrouted (pronounced “M route D”) is a routing daemon that forwards IPmulticast

OverviewThe mrouted Routing DaemonChapter 118of the multicast datagrams. You can achieve this by using topologicalknowledge of the network to implemen

OverviewThe mrouted Routing DaemonChapter 1 19In this figure, the mrouted router R1 receives a multicast packet fromnode M. Because R1 is configured as

2Legal NoticesThe information in this document is subject to change without notice.Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to thisma

OverviewThe mrouted Routing DaemonChapter 120Normally, IP multicast addresses are mapped to 802.3 or Ethernetmulticast addresses. The IP multicasting

OverviewThe mrouted Routing DaemonChapter 1 21also defines IGMP message types that enable hosts to join and leavemulticast groups, and that allow multi

OverviewThe gated Routing DaemonChapter 122The gated Routing Daemongated (pronounced “gate D”) is a routing daemon that updates routingtables in inter

OverviewThe gated Routing DaemonChapter 1 23• gated translates among several protocols, passing informationwithin or between IP routing domains or aut

OverviewThe gated Routing DaemonChapter 124Routing ProtocolsFor routing purposes, networks and gateways are logically grouped intoautonomous system (A

OverviewThe gated Routing DaemonChapter 1 25• HELLO is designed to work with routers called Fuzzballs. Mostinstallations use RIP or OSPF instead of HE

OverviewThe gated Routing DaemonChapter 126gated supports the following exterior gateway protocols:• The External Gateway Protocol (EGP) permits a nod

OverviewThe gated Routing DaemonChapter 1 27packets. It is used instead of, or in addition to, a statically configureddefault router. Router discovery

OverviewThe gated Routing DaemonChapter 128

Chapter 2 292 Configuring mroutedThis chapter describes how to configure mrouted and the variousconfiguration commands in mrouted. It also provides infor

3© Copyright 1989-93 The Open Software Foundation, Inc.© Copyright 1986 Digital Equipment Corporation.© Copyright 1990 Motorola, Inc.© Copyright 1990,

Configuring mroutedChapter 230routing support tools. This chapter discusses the following topics:• “How to Configure mrouted” on page 31• “Starting mrou

Configuring mroutedHow to Configure mroutedChapter 2 31How to Configure mroutedWhen the mrouted daemon starts, it automatically reads the defaultconfigura

Configuring mroutedHow to Configure mroutedChapter 232You can use the phyint command to disable multicast routing on thephysical interface identified by

Configuring mroutedHow to Configure mroutedChapter 2 33NOTE A phyint command must precede a tunnel command. All the phyintand tunnel command options mus

Configuring mroutedHow to Configure mroutedChapter 234The TTL value of forwarded packets is only compared with thethreshold value; it is not decremented

Configuring mroutedHow to Configure mroutedChapter 2 35those leaf subnets do not contain members of the multicast destinationgroup. Use only nonpruning

Configuring mroutedStarting mroutedChapter 236Starting mroutedYou can start mrouted from the HP-UX prompt or from within a shellscript by issuing the f

Configuring mroutedVerifying mrouted OperationChapter 2 37Verifying mrouted OperationYou can use one or more of the following methods to verify mrouted

Configuring mroutedDisplaying mrouted Routing TablesChapter 238Displaying mrouted Routing Tablesmrouted contains three routing tables: the virtual inte

Configuring mroutedDisplaying mrouted Routing TablesChapter 2 39The multicast routing table displays connectivity information for eachsubnet from which

4

Configuring mroutedDisplaying mrouted Routing TablesChapter 240For more information on signals, type man 1M mrouted at the HP-UXcommand prompt, and see

Configuring mroutedMulticast Routing Support ToolsChapter 2 41Multicast Routing Support ToolsThis section describes various multicast routing support t

Configuring mroutedMulticast Routing Support ToolsChapter 242

Chapter 3 433 Configuring gatedgated handles multiple routing protocols. You can configure the gateddaemon to perform all or any combination of the supp

Configuring gatedChapter 344The HP-UX 11i v2 operating system supports gated 3.5.9. This chaptercontains information about how to configure gated on var

Configuring gatedConfiguration OverviewChapter 3 45Configuration OverviewUpon startup, gated reads the configuration file to decide how eachprotocol must b

Configuring gatedConfiguration OverviewChapter 346If you do not want to use any of the gated 3.5.9 features added at HP-UX10.30, and do not have any tra

Configuring gatedConfiguration OverviewChapter 3 473. Add statements for any additional configuration information. See“Customizing Routes” on page 90, “S

Configuring gatedConfiguration OverviewChapter 348NOTE You can also use the command gdc checkconf to parse the/etc/gated.conf file for syntax errors. gdc

Configuring gatedConfiguration OverviewChapter 3 491. Retain a copy of the gated 3.0 configuration file, because you cannotspecify the same file for input

Contents5About This Document1. OverviewThe mrouted Routing Daemon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Configuring gatedConfiguring the RIP ProtocolChapter 350Configuring the RIP ProtocolRIP uses hopcount to determine the shortest path to a destination.Hop

Configuring gatedConfiguring the RIP ProtocolChapter 3 51trustedgatewaysrouter_list;sourcegatewaysrouter_list;traceoptionstraceoptions;}];Curly braces (

Configuring gatedConfiguring the RIP ProtocolChapter 352Range: 1 – 16• query authentication [none|[[simple|md5]password]]specifies the authentication, if

Configuring gatedConfiguring the RIP ProtocolChapter 3 53• [secondary] authentication [none|[simple|md5]password]specifies the type of authentication for

Configuring gatedConfiguring the RIP ProtocolChapter 354Simple RIP ConfigurationA simple RIP configuration consists of RIP routers and end nodes thatliste

Configuring gatedConfiguring the RIP ProtocolChapter 3 55With one interface, A can listen to RIP traffic on the network but doesnot forward routing infor

Configuring gatedConfiguring the RIP ProtocolChapter 356Figure 3-2 Example of Large RIP NetworkA: Cluster Node (or Isolated Node)You need not run gated

Configuring gatedConfiguring the RIP ProtocolChapter 3 57B: Cluster (or Root) Server NodeRun gated to get routing information about the 121.0.0.0 networ

Configuring gatedConfiguring the RIP ProtocolChapter 358rip yes {interface 121.1.0.10 version 2 multicast;};static {default interface 121.1.0.10 prefere

Configuring gatedConfiguring the RIP ProtocolChapter 3 59The options for limiting RIP routing information imported by gated inthe RIP protocol definition

Contents6D: Major Router. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58E: Major Router. .

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 360Configuring the OSPF ProtocolOpen Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link-state routing protocol th

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 3 61Figure 3-3 Areas Defined in an Autonomous SystemInternal routers have all their directly connec

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 362Multi-access networks (networks that can be accessed through two ormore neighbor routers) must

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 3 63it is not required that an AS boundary router be a backbone router. AnAS boundary router learn

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 3646. For multi-access networks, identify a designated router. For NBMAnetworks, several routers c

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 3 65The following sections explain other statements defined for the OSPFprotocol configuration.Defini

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 366You can define various characteristics for an area and interfaces. Thefollowing sections describ

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 3 67The following is an example of the network definition in the Router A’s/etc/gated.conf file:ospf

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 368• A point-to-point network is a network that joins a single pair ofrouters. An example of a poi

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 3 69Default: None (you must specify a value)Range: Integer between 0 – 255NOTE The hellointerval v

Contents7Tracing gated Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Operational User In

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 370Figure 3-6 shows an example of a router that is connected to a multicastnetwork through the int

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 3 71specified by the routerdeadinterval definition). The value ofpollinterval must be larger than th

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 372interface 193.2.1.35 nonbroadcast cost 5 {routers {193.2.1.33 eligible ;193.2.1.46 eligible ;};

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 3 73• routerdeadinterval specifies the time interval (in seconds) forwhich the Hello packets are no

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 374Figure 3-8 shows an example of a router (A) that is connected to anon-broadcast, point-to-point

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 3 75Figure 3-9 shows an example of an area border router that is connectedto area 0.0.0.2 through

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 376Defining BackbonesThe OSPF backbone distributes routing information between areas. Youcan define

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 3 77backbone {interface 15.13.115.156 {enable ;transitdelay 20 ;priority 20 ;hellointerval 30 ;rou

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 378configured on a per-interface basis. If a router has interfaces to morethan one network, differe

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 3 79retransmitinterval 10 ;pollinterval 20 ;authkey " travis " ;};};CostThe outbound sid

Contents8

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 380In Figure 3-12, there are two possible packet routes between nodesA andD: one route goes throug

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 3 81gated supports the use of route information from other autonomoussystems that use other routin

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 382value can be an unsigned 31-bit number. You can also specify tag asas_tag, whereas_tag is an un

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 3 83Sample OSPF ConfigurationFigure 3-13 shows an example of two areas. Area 1 is a non-stub area,w

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 384# Router A Configuration (non-stub area)OSPF yes {area 0.0.0.1 {interface 193.2.1.35 cost 5 {pr

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 3 85};area 0.0.0.1 {interface 193.2.1.33 cost 5 {priority 15 ;enable ;hellointerval 5 ;routerdeadi

Configuring gatedConfiguring the OSPF ProtocolChapter 386The routing table on node A contains routes to 193.2.1.32 and 193.2.1.16.The routing table on n

Configuring gatedConfiguring RDPChapter 3 87Configuring RDPYou can use Router Discovery Protocol (RDP), a standard protocol, toinform hosts of the presen

Configuring gatedConfiguring RDPChapter 388configured on the physical interface. If advertisements are sent to a netor subnet broadcast, only that networ

Configuring gatedConfiguring RDPChapter 3 89The host also deletes any routes learned from ICMP redirects pointingto the invalid addresses. Also, if a ro

9About This DocumentThis manual describes the various routing daemons supported in theHP-UX 11i v2 operating system.It is one of the five new manualsdo

Configuring gatedCustomizing RoutesChapter 390Customizing Routesgated maintains the routing table in user space, and synchronizes thistable with the ke

Configuring gatedCustomizing RoutesChapter 3 91Setting Interface Statesgated times out routes that pass through interfaces not receiving anyRIP, OSPF,

Configuring gatedSpecifying Tracing OptionsChapter 392Specifying Tracing OptionsTrace options specify the desired level of tracing output from gated.Tr

Configuring gatedSpecifying Tracing OptionsChapter 3 93Some of the options specified in Table 3-2 do not apply to all of theprotocols. For more informat

Configuring gatedSpecifying Route PreferenceChapter 394Specifying Route Preferencegated maintains a routing table that consists of the route informatio

Configuring gatedSpecifying Route PreferenceChapter 3 95You can define preference in the /etc/gated.conf file configuration filein the following instances:

Configuring gatedSpecifying Route PreferenceChapter 396• In a defaults statement in the OSPF protocol configuration. Thispreference definition specifies t

Configuring gatedImporting and Exporting RoutesChapter 3 97Importing and Exporting RoutesYou can propagate routes from one routing protocol to another

Configuring gatedImporting and Exporting RoutesChapter 398Examples of import and export StatementsThe following import statement imports a BGP route fo

Configuring gatedStarting gatedChapter 3 99Starting gatedTo start gated, complete the following steps:1. Set the environment variable GATED to 1 in the