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A The vi Editor
The vi text editor is well suited for the day-to-day editing tasks of most computer users. Using vi,
you can quickly and easily open a file, edit it, and save the results. The vi editor operates basically
the same way on all UNIX systems, so if you’ve used vi on a UNIX system, you should be able
to immediately start using vi in the OSS environment. While vi does not have some of the features
of proprietary text editors and word processors, it is a full-featured text editor with the following
major features:
• Fast processing, especially on startup and global operations
• Full-screen editing and scrolling capability, unlike the line editor ed, on which vi is based
• Separate text entry and edit modes
• Global substitution and complex editing commands
The vi editor works in two modes: command mode and input mode. Command mode is the mode
vi starts in. In command mode, the characters you type are treated as commands for manipulating
the text. In input mode, the characters you type are actually placed into the file as text.
This appendix demonstrates the basic features of vi. When you finish this appendix, you will be
able to do the following:
• Open or create a file for editing
• Move the cursor within the file
• Enter new text into the file
• Change existing text within the file
• Search for simple strings within the file
• Move and copy text
• Make simple global substitutions in the file
• Write all or part of the text to a file
• Delete, move, or copy blocks of text
• Customize your editing environment
This appendix provides only an introduction to the features of vi. For more information, see the
vi(1) reference page either online or in the Open System Services Shell and Utilities Reference
Manual. You can also read one of the many commercially available books that describe vi in
depth.
This appendix is divided into three subsections. The first subsection gets you started using vi. The
second subsection shows you some advanced techniques for speeding up your work. The third
subsection shows you how to use the ex commands that underlie vi.
Beginning with the J06.14 and H06.25 RVUs, the Vi IMproved text editor, vim, is available in
the OSS Core Utilities product (T1202). For information about the OSS Core Utilities, see OSS
Core Utilities User Commands (page 185).
Getting Started
This subsection shows you how to open a file with vi, move around within it, create some text,
change that text, and save your changes.
Before starting vi, you must take some preliminary steps to use vi in the OSS environment .
Preparing to Use vi in the OSS Environment
There are two obstacles to the correct functioning of vi in the OSS environment. The first is that
vi was designed to run on a VT100 terminal; any other terminal might cause vi to function
improperly. The second obstacle has to do with the way vi was implemented on OSS. This can
Getting Started 155
- Abstract 1
- Contents 3
- 4 Contents 4
- Contents 5 5
- 6 Contents 6
- Contents 7 7
- 8 Contents 8
- Contents 9 9
- Examples 10
- About This Document 11
- Acknowledgment 12
- Document Organization 13
- Notation Conventions 14
- Notation Conventions 15 15
- Notation for Messages 16
- Related Information 17
- HP Encourages Your Comments 19
- Publishing History 19
- OSS Components 21
- OSS and UNIX 22
- Interoperability 23
- Application Development 23
- OSS Environment 24
- OSS Device Support 24
- OSS Processes 24
- 2 The OSS File System 26
- The OSS File-System Structure 27
- OSS Pathnames 28
- Relative Pathnames 29
- Pathname Length 29
- OSS Filesets 30
- 3 The OSS Shell 31
- Metacharacters 32
- Shell Built-In Commands 33
- /bin/command_name 34
- Command-Entry Aids 35
- Using Pipes and Filters 36
- Grouping Commands 37
- Filename Completion 38
- Aliases 39 39
- Command History 40
- Command-Line Editing 41
- 42 The OSS Shell 42
- The Shell Environment 43
- Environment Variables 45
- Setting Environment Variables 46
- Environment Variables 47 47
- Example .profile File 48
- How the Shell Finds Commands 50
- Shell Procedures 51
- 4 OSS Commands and Utilities 53
- The man Command 54
- The whatis Command 54
- The apropos Command 54
- Command Syntax 55
- Archiving 61
- Displaying Files 61
- Files and Directories 61
- Printing and Formatting 63
- Process Management 63
- Remote Access 64
- Security and Permissions 64
- File Formatting Commands 67
- Two Different File Systems 68
- The /G Directory 69
- The /E Directory 69
- Guardian File Types 70
- Pathname Mapping 72
- Editing Files 74
- Printing and Spooler Commands 75
- Guardian DEFINEs 77
- 6 Running the OSS Shell 85
- The osh Command 86
- Exiting OSS 87
- Managing the OSS Environment 88
- Disk Volume Management 89
- Security 89
- 7 Creating Files 90
- Working With Files 91 91
- 92 Creating Files 92
- 8 Managing Files 93
- The more Command 96
- The cat Command 96
- Printing Files 98
- Copying Files (cp) 100
- Copying Files (cp) 101 101
- Copying an Entire Directory 102
- Renaming Files 103
- Comparing Files (diff) 104
- Sorting File Contents (sort) 105
- Removing Files (rm) 106
- Removing a Single File 107
- Removing Multiple Files 107
- Linking Files (ln) 108
- Using Links 109
- Removing Links 110
- Determining File Type (file) 111
- 112 Managing Files 112
- 9 Managing Directories 113
- Changing Directories (cd) 114
- 116 Managing Directories 116
- Copying Directories (cp) 117
- Renaming Directories (mv) 117
- Removing Directories (rmdir) 118
- Removing Multiple Directories 119
- 120 Managing Directories 120
- Understanding Permissions 121
- Default Permissions 123
- Changing File Permissions 125
- Setting Absolute Permissions 126
- $ chmod a=rw file3 127
- $ ls -l file3 127
- Setting the User Mask 128
- $ umask 037 129
- Changing Owners and Groups 130
- • Safeguard User’s Guide 134
- • Security Management Guide 134
- 11 Managing Processes 135
- Running Foreground Processes 138
- Running Background Processes 138
- Checking Process Status 139
- 140 Managing Processes 140
- The jobs Command 141
- 142 Managing Processes 142
- Scheduling Jobs 143
- 144 Managing Processes 144
- Scheduling Jobs 145 145
- 146 Managing Processes 146
- Using the -i Flag 148
- Finding Files (find) 149
- The pax Utility 151
- $ mkdir newdir 152
- $ pax -rw olddir newdir 152
- $ pax -wv -f /G/tape -b 10b 152
- The ftp Utility 153
- A The vi Editor 155
- 156 The vi Editor 156
- Create a Sample Edit File 157
- Opening a File 157
- Moving Within the File 158
- Entering New Text 158
- Editing Text 159
- Using Advanced Techniques 160
- Searching for Strings 161
- Moving Text 161
- Copying Text 161
- Other vi Features 162
- Making Substitutions 162
- Deleting a Block of Text 164
- Customizing Your Environment 164
- Saving Your Customizations 164
- B The ed Editor 166
- Saving Part of a File 168
- Using the ed (Edit) Command 169
- Using the e (Edit) Subcommand 169
- Using the r (Read) Subcommand 169
- 170 The ed Editor 170
- Finding Text 172
- Removing Characters 174
- Using a Context Search 175
- Deleting the Current Line 176
- Deleting a Specific Line 176
- Deleting Multiple Lines 176
- Changing a Single Line 177
- Changing Multiple Lines 178
- Using Line Numbers 178
- Using System Commands from ed 180
- Ending the ed Program 180
- Finding Product Files 181
- Running vproc 181
- Interpreting vproc Output 182
- Recovery 184
- No action is required 184
- Glossary 191
- 192 Glossary 192
- 194 Glossary 194
- 196 Glossary 196
- 198 Glossary 198
- 200 Glossary 200
- 202 Glossary 202
- 204 Glossary 204
- 206 Index 206
- 208 Index 208
- 210 Index 210
- 212 Index 212
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